Πλατανθέρα του χόλμποε
Etymology of Platanthera holmboei
The genus name, Platanthera, is derived from two Greek words: "platys" [πλατύς], meaning "broad" or "wide," and "anther" [ανθήρας], referring to the anther, the part of the stamen containing pollen. This aptly describes the broad, widely separated anther lobes characteristic of these orchids.
The specific epithet, holmboei, is a commemorative name, honoring Jens Holmboe (1880–1978), a distinguished Norwegian botanist, who conducted significant botanical research in Cyprus, where he discovered this orchid.
Introduction and Classification
Platanthera holmboei is a distinctive species of orchid, belonging to the genus Platanthera, commonly known as the butterfly orchids. While it was historically sometimes treated as a subspecies of Platanthera chlorantha (as Platanthera chlorantha subsp. holmboei), current global botanical consensus recognizes it as a separate and valid species. This distinction is based on consistent morphological differences, particularly in its floral structure, making it a unique entity within the Orchidaceae family.
Morphology of Platanthera holmboei
Overall Stature
Platanthera holmboei is a slender, erect terrestrial orchid, typically reaching heights of 20 to 60 centimeters. Its graceful form allows it to blend subtly into its natural surroundings.
Leaves
The plant generally features two prominent basal leaves that are broadly elliptical to oblong-lanceolate in shape. These leaves are typically glossy green and lie close to the ground or grow semi-erect. Occasionally, a few much smaller, bract-like leaves may be present higher up on the stem.
Inflorescence
The flowers are borne on an unbranched spike or raceme at the apex of the stem. The inflorescence can vary from relatively loose to moderately dense, holding anywhere from a handful to several dozen individual flowers.
Flowers
The individual flowers are generally small, ranging in color from greenish-white to pale greenish-yellow. Key diagnostic features include:
Labellum (Lip): The lower petal, or lip, is typically strap-shaped or narrowly oblong and often somewhat fleshy.
Spur: A crucial characteristic is the presence of a long, slender spur that projects backward from the base of the labellum. The length of this spur is an important identification key.
Anther Cells: The most definitive feature distinguishing Platanthera holmboei from its close relatives, like P. bifolia and P. chlorantha, lies in its anther cells (pollinia). In P. holmboei, the two anther cells are markedly divergent and widely separated at their bases, forming a distinct 'V' shape.
Scent: Similar to many Platanthera species, the flowers often emit a subtle, sweet fragrance, particularly noticeable in the evening, which helps attract specific nocturnal insect pollinators.
Geographical Distribution
Platanthera holmboei has a relatively limited geographical range, being primarily endemic to the Eastern Mediterranean region. Its confirmed presence includes Cyprus, where it is considered an indigenous species, as well as various Aegean islands in Greece, and potentially adjacent coastal areas of Turkey.
Platanther holmboei in Cyprus
Platanthera holmboei exhibits specific habitat preferences. It typically thrives in open woodlands, garrigue, maquis, and grassy areas. It shows a preference for calcareous (lime-rich) soils. Its ecological niche requires environments with adequate light, often appearing in dappled sunlight under trees or in open clearings. Like most orchids, its growth depends on specific mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, which are essential for nutrient uptake.
In Cyprus, Platanthera holmboei is a rare plant to encounter. It appears on the Troodos Mountains Range, between altitudes of 600-1825. Its flowering period is usually between April and May.
