Etymology of Crithmum maritimum
The name of the genus, "crithmum", which survived through the centuries derives from Ancient Greek "κρίθμον or κρῆθμον" [crithmon], of uncertain etymology. It is speculated that it could relate to "κριθή" [krithē], meaning "barley" because of the similarity of the fruit by form and shell to a barley bean. The Latin epithet indicating the species, "maritimum", refers to its exclusive habitat.
The plant in Cyprus
Crithmum maritimum is the only Crithmum species that grows in the Cypriot wild habitat. The specimens in the picture were photographed in Ayia Napa.
Crithmum maritimum is a wild seaside herb that grows on soil or rocks at the sea shore only. It is encountered almost all-around Cyprus (basically it is found in all the districts). Its flowering period starts very late, in hot July, and ends around November. It is a draught and salt-tolerant plant.
Cypriot names for Crithmum maritimum
Κήρταμα, Κρίθμο το παράλιο
What are the culinary uses of Crithmum maritimum (sea fennel)?
Sea fennel is a prized ingredient in Mediterranean cuisine due to its salty, aromatic flavor. It is used fresh in salads, soups, or as a seasoning for meat and seafood dishes. Traditional recipes often preserve sea fennel in vinegar or olive oil to enjoy its tangy, herbal taste year-round. Before pickling, the leaves are soaked to reduce bitterness, dried, and packed tightly in jars. Its versatile use as both a fresh herb and a preserved condiment makes it highly valued in coastal communities.
What are the medicinal properties of Crithmum maritimum?
Sea fennel is known for its diuretic, digestive, and detoxifying effects. Rich in essential oils, vitamins, and minerals, it supports kidney health, reduces water retention, and stimulates digestion by promoting bile and gastric secretions. Its seeds, often prepared as an infusion or tincture, are used as natural remedies for bloating, spasms, and appetite stimulation. The plant’s juice, consumed in small quantities, is said to improve fluid metabolism and overall vitality, reflecting its long-standing use in herbal medicine.
How do you grow and harvest sea fennel?
Sea fennel thrives in rocky, coastal soils under full sunlight, reflecting its native Mediterranean habitat. It is drought-tolerant and requires minimal maintenance. Leaves are harvested in late spring to early summer when tender, while seeds are collected in autumn for culinary and medicinal purposes. Proper cultivation involves well-drained soil, occasional watering, and protection from harsh inland climates. This hardy plant is a favorite among gardeners for its resilience and dual-purpose use in both the kitchen and traditional medicine.
